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By comparison, a jingle fallacy is the assumption that two measures which are called by the same name capture the same construct. [4] [5] [6] An example of the jangle fallacy can be found in tests designed to assess emotional intelligence. Some of these tests measure merely personality or regular IQ-tests. [7]
Persuasive definition – purporting to use the "true" or "commonly accepted" meaning of a term while, in reality, using an uncommon or altered definition. (cf. the if-by-whiskey fallacy) Ecological fallacy – inferring about the nature of an entity based solely upon aggregate statistics collected for the group to which that entity belongs. [27]
Fallacies are types of erroneous reasoning that render arguments logically unsound. [7] According to The New Handbook of Cognitive Therapy Techniques, they include "unsubstantiated assertions that are often delivered with a conviction that makes them sound as though they are proven facts". [8]
Jumping to conclusions (officially the jumping conclusion bias, often abbreviated as JTC, and also referred to as the inference-observation confusion [1]) is a psychological term referring to a communication obstacle where one "judge[s] or decide[s] something without having all the facts; to reach unwarranted conclusions".
A type II error, or a false negative, is the erroneous failure in bringing about appropriate rejection of a false null hypothesis. [ 1 ] Type I errors can be thought of as errors of commission, in which the status quo is erroneously rejected in favour of new, misleading information.
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On Monday, Newry Crown Court heard the three lifeguards "made utterly erroneous assumptions" about Christopher Rogers as he lay at the bottom of the swimming pool for five minutes after blacking out.
Automation bias, the tendency to depend excessively on automated systems which can lead to erroneous automated information overriding correct decisions. [54] Gender bias, a widespread [55] set of implicit biases that discriminate against a gender. For example, the assumption that women are less suited to jobs requiring high intellectual ability.