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Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis causes both skin and mucosal ulcers with damage primarily of the nose and mouth. [2] [3] Visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar ('black fever') is the most serious form and is generally fatal if untreated. [2]
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar (Hindi: kālā āzār, "black sickness") [2] or "black fever", is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and, without proper diagnosis and treatment, is associated with high fatality. [3] Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania.
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is an especially disturbing form of cutaneous leishmaniasis, because it produces destructive and disfiguring lesions of the face. It is most often caused by Leishmania braziliensis, but cases caused by L. aethiopica have also been described. [10] Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is very difficult to treat.
Dogs are known to rarely suffer from visceral, skin, and mucosal infection with this species. [10] In cats asymptomatic infection is thought to be common. [10] Skin and/or mucosal infection is the most common form, with or without visceral infection. [10] Feline visceral infection may occur alone. [10]
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue.
It is estimated that visceral leishmaniasis (VL) affects more than 100 million people worldwide, [37] with 1.5 to 2 million new cases and more than 70,000 deaths each year. [38] As of the 2022 report, there were 50,000 to 90,000 infections worldwide in 2020, and the World Health Organization estimates that only between 25 and 45% of the cases ...
A mucocutaneous junction, or mucocutaneous boundary, is a region of the body in which mucosa transitions to skin. Mucocutaneous zones occur in animals, at the body orifices . In humans, mucocutaneous junctions are found at the lips , nostrils , conjunctivae , urethra , vagina (in females), foreskin (in males), clitoral hood (in females), and anus .
This includes visceral, mucocutaneous, and cutaneous leishmaniasis. [1] It is given by injection into a muscle or into the area infected. [1] Side effects include loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, cough, feeling tired, muscle pain, irregular heartbeat, and kidney problems. [1]