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Ciprofloxacin is 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. Its empirical formula is C 17 H 18 FN 3 O 3 and its molecular weight is 331.4 g/mol. It is a faintly yellowish to light yellow crystalline substance. [68] Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is the monohydrochloride monohydrate salt of ciprofloxacin ...
Swimmer's ear should be treated with antibiotic eardrops, not oral antibiotics. [14] Sinusitis should not be treated with antibiotics because it is usually caused by a virus, and even when it is caused by a bacterium, antibiotics are not indicated except in atypical circumstances as it usually resolves without treatment. [15] Viral ...
Quinolone antibiotics constitute a large group of broad-spectrum bacteriocidals that share a bicyclic core structure related to the substance 4-quinolone. [1] They are used in human and veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections , as well as in animal husbandry , specifically poultry production .
A limited number of antibiotics also possess antiprotozoal activity. [3] [4] Antibiotics are not effective against viruses such as the ones which cause the common cold or influenza. [5] Drugs which inhibit growth of viruses are termed antiviral drugs or antivirals. Antibiotics are also not effective against fungi.
Ciprofloxacin should not be used in the treatment of tuberculosis if other fluoroquinolones are available. As of 2008, Cochrane reports that trials of other fluoroquinolones are ongoing. [ 47 ] While Rifampin is an effective drug, lack of adherence has led to relapse.
Tetracyclines are generally used in the treatment of infections of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, and the intestines and are also used in the treatment of chlamydia, especially in patients allergic to β-lactams and macrolides; however, their use for these indications is less popular than it once was due to widespread development of resistance in the causative organisms.
In 1986, some European countries banned the use of antibiotics because of research they found that linked antibiotic use in livestock and drug resistant bacteria in humans. [11] The European Union regulated in 2006 against antibiotics for growth promotion purposes. [12] It was estimated in 2014 that over 80% of the world's antibiotic use was on ...
In the synergistic response, the applied antibiotics work together to produce an effect more potent than if each antibiotic were applied singly. [1] Compare to the additive effect , where the potency of an antibiotic combination is roughly equal to the combined potencies of each antibiotic singly, and antagonistic effect, where the potency of ...