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Hydrogen cyanide (formerly known as prussic acid) is a chemical compound with the formula HCN and structural formula H−C≡N.It is a highly toxic and flammable liquid that boils slightly above room temperature, at 25.6 °C (78.1 °F).
HCN4 is the main isoform expressed in the sinoatrial node, but low levels of HCN1 and HCN2 have also been reported.The current through HCN channels, called the pacemaker current (I f), plays a key role in the generation and modulation of cardiac rhythmicity, [13] as they are responsible for the spontaneous depolarization in pacemaker action potentials in the heart.
The molecular determinants of the pacemaker current belong to the HCN channel (hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated channel), of which 4 isoforms (HCN1 to HCN4) are known. Based on their sequence, HCN channels are classified as members of the superfamily of voltage-gated K + (Kv) and CNG channels.
Among the most toxic cyanides are hydrogen cyanide (HCN), sodium cyanide (NaCN), potassium cyanide (KCN), and calcium cyanide (Ca(CN) 2). The cyanide anion is an inhibitor of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (also known as aa 3 ), the fourth complex of the electron transport chain found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
There are four HCN channels. HCN4 is prominently expressed in the pace maker region of the mammalian heart. [9] Some humans with bradycardia and Sick sinus syndrome have been shown to have mutations in their HCN4 gene. [10] [11] [12] The role of HCN channels in autonomic control of heart rate is currently a matter of ongoing investigation. [13 ...
15165 Ensembl ENSG00000164588 ENSMUSG00000021730 UniProt O60741 O88704 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_021072 NM_010408 RefSeq (protein) NP_066550 NP_034538 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 45.25 – 45.7 Mb Chr 13: 117.74 – 118.12 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCN1 ...
15166 Ensembl ENSG00000099822 ENSMUSG00000020331 UniProt Q9UL51 O88703 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001194 NM_008226 RefSeq (protein) NP_001185 NP_032252 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 0.59 – 0.62 Mb Chr 10: 79.55 – 79.57 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ...
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