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Svalbard Global Seed Bank, an ex situ conservation. Ex situ conservation (lit. ' off-site conservation ') is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety, or breed of plant or animal outside its natural habitat.
Millennium Seed Bank building Central visitor hall Bixa orellana seeds Ravenala madagascariensis seeds. The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership (MSBP or MSB), formerly known as the Millennium Seed Bank Project, is the largest ex situ plant conservation programme in the world [1] coordinated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
A seed bank (also seed banks, seeds bank or seed vault) stores seeds to preserve genetic diversity; hence it is a type of gene bank. [1] There are many reasons to store seeds. One is to preserve the genes that plant breeders need to increase yield, disease resistance, drought tolerance, nutritional quality, taste, etc. of crops.
Ex situ conservation, or seed banking, is believed to be a feasible long-term resolution to protect its genetic diversity, and has been seen in the United States using seeds collected from Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic.
In addition, most globally important collections of annual or seed-bearing crops have a backup in the Svalbard global seed vault. Ex situ conservation offers some advantages for seed-bearing crops: 1) Seed requires little space; 2) Ex situ conservation can be implemented anywhere; 3) There is easy access to what is conserved for distribution ...
Orthodox seeds are seeds which will survive drying and/or freezing during ex situ conservation, as opposed to recalcitrant seeds, which will not. According to information from the U.S. Department of Agriculture , there is variation in the ability of orthodox seeds to withstand drying and storage, with some seeds being more sensitive than others.
For live cells/tissues, germplasm resources can be stored ex situ in seed banks, botanic gardens, or through cryopreservation. Cryopreservation is the process of storing germplasm at very low temperatures, such as liquid nitrogen. [5] This process ensures that cells do not degrade and keeps the germplasm intact.
A study published by Kharkwal et al. (2008) found that propagating S. hexandrum seeds in an off-site controlled environment allowed seedlings to grow one year faster than in the field. [8] Effective ex situ methods such as this can conserve genetic diversity while providing a substantial volume of transplants to go back out into the wild to ...