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A risk factor involved with fermentation is the development of chemical residue and spoilage which can be corrected with the addition of sulfur dioxide (SO 2), although excess SO 2 can lead to a wine fault. A winemaker who wishes to make a wine with high levels of residual sugar (like a dessert wine) may stop fermentation early either by ...
After the harvest, the grapes are taken into a winery and prepared for primary ferment; at this stage red wine making diverges from white wine making. Red wine is made from the must (pulp, including the juice) of red or black grapes and fermentation occurs together with the grape skins, which impart color, flavor and tannins to the wine through ...
Red wine represents 52% of total wine consumption in Spain, [9] 55.6% in Italy in 2004, [12] and 70% in Switzerland. [10] In Canada, red wine dominates with a 52.3% share of total wine sales in 2004, although there are regional disparities, with Quebec favoring it even more. [13] In the United States, there is a balance between white wine ...
In red wine production, the maceration process was traditionally done in large vats where the fermentation process would begin (in the picture this is noted by the presence of carbon dioxide bubbles). Secondary fermentation would take place when the wine is transferred to a second container such as a carboy or oak barrel.
The primary role of yeast is to convert the sugars present (namely glucose) in the grape must into alcohol.The yeast accomplishes this by utilizing glucose through a series of metabolic pathways that, in the presence of oxygen, produces not only large amounts of energy for the cell but also many different intermediates that the cell needs to function.
Chian was credited as the first red wine, although it was known to the Greeks as "black wine". [63] [64] Coan was mixed with sea water and famously salty; [65] Pramnian or Lesbian wine was a famous export as well. Aristotle mentions Lemnian wine, which was probably the same as the modern-day Lemnió varietal, a red wine with a bouquet of ...