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Neža Kogovšek Šalamon considers that there is no single, recognized definition of a pushback, but in general they can be characterized as "informal collective forced returns of people who irregularly enter the country back to the country they entered from, via procedures that take place outside legally defined rules in protocols or agreements signed by the neighbouring countries". [5]
This rule is also called the oversmoothed rule [7] or the Rice rule, [8] so called because both authors worked at Rice University. The Rice rule is often reported with the factor of 2 outside the cube root, () /, and may be considered a different rule. The key difference from Scott's rule is that this rule does not assume the data is normally ...
A decision rule is a function:, where upon observing , we choose to take action (). Also define a loss function L : Θ × A → R {\displaystyle L:\Theta \times {\mathcal {A}}\rightarrow \mathbb {R} } , which specifies the loss we would incur by taking action a ∈ A {\displaystyle a\in {\mathcal {A}}} when the true state of nature is θ ∈ Θ ...
Progress, plans, problems (PPP) is a management technique for recurring (daily, weekly or monthly) status reporting. A person reports 3-5 achievements, goals and challenges from the reporting period.
(Example where () converges) You have a fair coin and are repeatedly tossing it. Each time, before it is tossed, you can choose to stop tossing it and get paid (in dollars, say) the average number of heads observed. You wish to maximise the amount you get paid by choosing a stopping rule.
In general, any measurable function can be pushed forward. The push-forward then becomes a linear operator, known as the transfer operator or Frobenius–Perron operator.In finite spaces this operator typically satisfies the requirements of the Frobenius–Perron theorem, and the maximal eigenvalue of the operator corresponds to the invariant measure.
Time-space diagram of Rule 90 with random initial conditions. Each row of pixels is a configuration of the automaton; time progresses vertically from top to bottom. In the mathematical study of cellular automata, Rule 90 is an elementary cellular automaton based on the exclusive or function. It consists of a one-dimensional array of cells, each ...
The pullback bundle is an example that bridges the notion of a pullback as precomposition, and the notion of a pullback as a Cartesian square. In that example, the base space of a fiber bundle is pulled back, in the sense of precomposition, above. The fibers then travel along with the points in the base space at which they are anchored: the ...