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The parasympathetic nervous system promotes digestion and the synthesis of glycogen, and allows for normal function and behavior. Parasympathetic action helps in digestion and absorption of food by increasing the activity of the intestinal musculature, increasing gastric secretion, and relaxing the pyloric sphincter.
The hepatic plexus is a sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve plexus that provides innervation to the parenchyma of the liver as well as contributing innervation to some other abdominal structures. Its sympathetic component is derived from the coeliac and superior mesenteric plexuses; its parasympathetic component is derived from the anterior ...
Neural top–down control of physiology concerns the direct regulation by the brain of physiological functions (in addition to smooth muscle and glandular ones). Cellular functions include the immune system’s production of T-lymphocytes and antibodies, and nonimmune related homeostatic functions such as liver gluconeogenesis, sodium reabsorption, osmoregulation, and brown adipose tissue ...
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These ganglia contain neurons whose postganglionic axons innervate the distal esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, and the small intestine. They directly innervate the ovarian theca and secondary interstitial cells and exert an indirect action on the luteal cells.
The parasympathetic nervous system has been said to promote a "rest and digest" response, promotes calming of the nerves return to regular function, and enhancing digestion. Functions of nerves within the parasympathetic nervous system include: [citation needed] Dilating blood vessels leading to the GI tract, increasing the blood flow.