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Phomopsis blight of juniper is a foliar disease discovered in 1917 [1] caused by the fungal pathogen Phomopsis juniperovora.The fungus infects new growth of juniper trees or shrubs, i.e. the seedlings or young shoots of mature trees.
Apple trees are especially interesting as a research model in agriculture since it is known that apple production requires intensive spray schedules for control of pathogenic fungus V. inaequalis with as many as 15-22 sprays of fungicides per season in humid climate. [31] [32]
The cherry leaf spot fungus prefers moderately wet conditions, with temperatures above 60 °F (16 °C). Optimal temperature range for the spread of this fungus is between 60–68 °F (16–20 °C). [11] Serious infection of a tree occurs in years with many rainy periods and cooler summers.
This means Bordeaux mixture must be used preventively, before the fungal disease has struck. Thorough coverage of the spray on the plants is necessary. The Bordeaux spray continues to adhere well to the plant during rain, though in the long term it is washed off by rain. Commonly in practice, it is applied just once a year, in the wintertime. [4]
Infected leaves sometimes drop prematurely, particularly during drought conditions or when the tree is under additional stress. Infections on fruit are usually near the blossom end and are somewhat similar to the leaf lesions. On the eastern red cedar host, the fungus produces reddish-brown galls from 1 ⁄ 4 to 2 inches (6 to 50 mm).
Fungicides can either be contact, translaminar or systemic. Contact fungicides are not taken up into the plant tissue and protect only the plant where the spray is deposited. Translaminar fungicides redistribute the fungicide from the upper, sprayed leaf surface to the lower, unsprayed surface.