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While lithium is typically the most effective treatment, possible alternatives to Lithium include Lamotrigine and Second generation Antipsychotics for the treatment of acute bipolar depression or for the management of bipolar patients with normal mood during pregnancy.
Lithium toxicity, also known as lithium overdose, is the condition of having too much lithium. Symptoms may include a tremor, increased reflexes, trouble walking, kidney problems, and an altered level of consciousness. Some symptoms may last for a year after levels return to normal. Complications may include serotonin syndrome. [1]
As a result, kidney function and blood levels of lithium are monitored in patients being treated with lithium. [2] Therapeutic plasma levels of lithium range from 0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L, with levels of 0.8 or higher being desirable in acute mania. [14] Lithium levels should be above 0.6 mEq/L to reduce both manic and depressive episodes in patients. [15]
Bipolar disorder is a long-term mood disorder characterized by major fluctuations in ... mild levels of depression and elevated mood that ... especially treatment with the mood stabilizer lithium.
Lithium Lithium is the "classic" mood stabilizer, the first to be approved by the US FDA, and still popular in treatment. Therapeutic drug monitoring is required to ensure lithium levels remain in the therapeutic range: 0.6 to 0.8 or 0.8–1.2 mEq/L (or millimolar).
Lithium and the anticonvulsants carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and valproic acid are classed as mood stabilizers due to their effect on the mood states in bipolar disorder. [120] Lithium has the best overall evidence and is considered an effective treatment for acute manic episodes, preventing relapses, and bipolar depression.