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Chloramine can kill germs in water pipes longer than chlorine, a disinfectant that has been in tap water used since 1908. Levels of up to four milligrams per liter are considered to be safe.
Chloramination is the treatment of drinking water with a chloramine disinfectant. [1] Both chlorine and small amounts of ammonia are added to the water one at a time which react together to form chloramine (also called combined chlorine), a long lasting disinfectant. Chloramine disinfection is used in both small and large water treatment plants.
Disinfectants such as chlorine can react with natural material in the water to form disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes. Animal studies indicate that none of the chlorination byproducts studied to date is a potent carcinogen at concentrations normally found in drinking water.
The chloronitramide anion was first detected as a UV absorbance interference during monitoring of chloramine and dichloramine in 1981. [6] It was then shown to form during the decomposition of both chemicals. [6] It was shown to likely be an anion in 1990. [7]
Since the 1990s, many public systems have switched to inorganic chloramine, a chlorine derivative, to purify water supplies. Systems serving about 113 million people in the U.S. use this process.
Starting Aug. 26, the Evansville Water & Sewer Utility will change the disinfectant used in the water supply from chloramine to free chlorine. The switch will last until Oct. 26.