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Electron affinity can be defined in two equivalent ways. First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. The second (reverse) definition is that electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a singly charged gaseous negative ion.
In any case, the value of the electron affinity of a solid substance is very different from the chemistry and atomic physics electron affinity value for an atom of the same substance in gas phase. For example, a silicon crystal surface has electron affinity 4.05 eV, whereas an isolated silicon atom has electron affinity 1.39 eV.
Electron affinity (data page) — Electron affinity; Electron configurations of the elements (data page) — Electron configuration of the gaseous atoms in the ground state; Electronegativities of the elements (data page) — Electronegativity (Pauling scale) Hardnesses of the elements (data page) — Mohs hardness, Vickers hardness, Brinell ...
The halogens (/ ˈ h æ l ə dʒ ə n, ˈ h eɪ-,-l oʊ-,-ˌ dʒ ɛ n / [1] [2] [3]) are a group in the periodic table consisting of six chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and the radioactive elements astatine (At) and tennessine (Ts), though some authors [4] would exclude tennessine as its chemistry is unknown and is theoretically expected to ...
Predicted values are used for elements beyond 104. ... to the most electronegative elements on the periodic table, the halogens ... electron affinity of the alkali ...
The energy released when an electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom to form an anion is known as electron affinity. [14] Trend-wise, as one progresses from left to right across a period , the electron affinity will increase as the nuclear charge increases and the atomic size decreases resulting in a more potent force of attraction of the ...
Chemically, the nonmetals mostly have higher ionisation energies, higher electron affinities (nitrogen and the noble gases have negative electron affinities) and higher electronegativity values [n 1] than metals noting that, in general, the higher an element's ionisation energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity, the more nonmetallic ...
The first of these quantities is used in atomic physics, the second in chemistry, but both refer to the same basic property of the element. To convert from "value of ionization energy" to the corresponding "value of molar ionization energy", the conversion is: 1 eV = 96.48534 kJ/mol 1 kJ/mol = 0.0103642688 eV [12]