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Delirium (formerly acute confusional state, an ambiguous term that is now discouraged) [1] is a specific state of acute confusion attributable to the direct physiological consequence of a medical condition, effects of a psychoactive substance, or multiple causes, which usually develops over the course of hours to days.
Common potential causes of delirium include new or worsening infections (i.e. urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and sepsis), neurological injury/infections (i.e. stroke and meningitis), environmental factors (i.e. immobilization and sleep deprivation), and medication/drug use (i.e. side effects of new medications, drug interactions, and use ...
Due to the determination of collective stress as the cause, medical sociologist Robert Bartholomew favors the neutral term mass psychogenic illness over mass hysteria, as people respond more favorably to a diagnosis of stress induced symptoms than to a diagnosis of mass hysteria. Bartholomew notes such outbreaks are not unusual in schools in ...
In Psychology, confusion is the quality or emotional state of being bewildered or unclear. The term "acute mental confusion" [1] is often used interchangeably with delirium [2] in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and the Medical Subject Headings publications to describe the pathology.
These severe infections were often complicated by delirium, but it was not until the nosological advances of Chaslin [109] and Bonhöffer [110] that they could be distinguished from other causes of postpartum psychosis. Infective delirium hardly ever starts during pregnancy, and usually begins in the first postpartum week.
The term clouding of consciousness has always denoted the main pathogenetic feature of delirium since physician Georg Greiner [5] pioneered the term (Verdunkelung des Bewusstseins) in 1817. [6] The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has historically used the term in its definition of delirium. [7]
A very large number of medical conditions can cause psychosis, sometimes called secondary psychosis. [30] Examples include: disorders causing delirium (toxic psychosis), in which consciousness is disturbed; neurodevelopmental disorders and chromosomal abnormalities, including velocardiofacial syndrome
A phasic course, with alternate delirium and clarity, continuation into the puerperium, and recurrence after another pregnancy have been described in a few cases. It was one of the first psychiatric disorders, related to childbearing, to be described, [ 22 ] and its importance in the early 19th century is indicated by an early classification ...