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Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system. [2] [3] In the brain, acetylcholine functions as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator. The brain contains a number of cholinergic areas, each with distinct functions; such as playing an important role in arousal, attention, memory and motivation. [4]
The protein encoded by this gene synthesizes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholine acts at two classes of receptors in the central nervous system – muscarinic and nicotinic – which are each implicated in different physiological responses. The role of acetylcholine at the nicotinic receptor is still under investigation.
Acetylcholine also operates in many regions of the brain as a neuromodulatory, but using different types of receptors, including nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. [26] Dopamine has a number of important functions in the brain.
Acetylcholine is even present in the placenta and may help control cell proliferation and differentiation (increases in cell number and changes of multiuse cells into dedicated cellular functions) and parturition. [40] [41] Choline uptake into the brain is controlled by a low-affinity transporter located at the blood–brain barrier. [42]
Acetylcholine synthesis: Acetyl-CoA is also an important component in the biogenic synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Choline, in combination with acetyl-CoA, is catalyzed by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase to produce acetylcholine and coenzyme A as a byproduct. Melatonin synthesis; Acetylation
Acetylcholine affects the ability of brain cells to transmit information to one another, and also encourages neuronal plasticity, or learning.Thus, damage to the basal forebrain can reduce the amount of acetylcholine in the brain and impair learning.
A cholinergic neuron is a nerve cell which mainly uses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to send its messages. Many neurological systems are cholinergic.Cholinergic neurons provide the primary source of acetylcholine to the cerebral cortex, and promote cortical activation during both wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep. [1]
Later, synaptic vesicles could also be isolated from other tissues such as the superior cervical ganglion, [40] or the octopus brain. [41] The isolation of highly purified fractions of cholinergic synaptic vesicles from the ray Torpedo electric organ [42] [43] was an important step forward in the study of vesicle biochemistry and function.
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