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Fire plays a key role in shortleaf pines ecology, fire influences their maintenance, structure, composition, regeneration, and establishment. Fire reduces competition with different tree species which increases shortleaf pine survival, and it also prepares the soil for regeneration. Shortleaf pine typically respond well to prescribed fire. [12]
In many areas of Ecoregion 35a, commercial pine plantations have replaced the native shortleaf pine–hardwood forest. Prominent native trees include shortleaf pine, loblolly pine, southern red oak, post oak, black oak, white oak, hickories, and sweetgum. American beautyberry, sumac, greenbriar, and hawthorn are common understory species.
Mature Pinus pinea (stone pine); note umbrella-shaped canopy: Pollen cones of Pinus pinea (stone pine) A red pine (Pinus resinosa) with exposed roots: Young spring growth ("candles") on a loblolly pine: Monterey pine bark: Monterey pine cone on forest floor: Whitebark pine in the Sierra Nevada: Hartweg's pine forest in Mexico
The forest canopy can be diverse, including hickories and other hardwood species. Common pines include loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), spruce pine (Pinus glabra), or shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata). To the south, this becomes the southern coastal plain oak dome and hammock. [13]
Southern Appalachian low-elevation pine forests occur on a variety of topographic and landscape positions, including ridgetops, upper- and mid-slopes, and in lower elevations (generally below 2,300 feet (700 m)) such as mountain valleys. These forests dominated by shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) and Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana).
Pinaceae: pine family; Pinus: pines; Pinus arizonica var. stormiae: Arizona pine Pinaceae (pine family) Yes IUCN (LC) Pinus cembroides: Mexican pinyon pine Pinaceae (pine family) Yes Yes Yes IUCN (LC) 140 Pinus echinata: shortleaf pine Pinaceae (pine family) Yes Yes Yes IUCN (LC) 110 Pinus edulis: pinyon pine Pinaceae (pine family) Yes Yes Yes ...
Jeffrey pine wood and ponderosa pine wood are sold together as yellow pine. [6] Both kinds of wood are hard (with a Janka hardness of 550 lbf (2,400 N)), but the western yellow pine wood is less dense than southern yellow pine wood (28 lb/cu ft (0.45 g/cm 3 ) versus 35 lb/cu ft (0.56 g/cm 3 ) for shortleaf pine).
For its timber, the pine species is regarded as the most commercially important tree in the Southeastern U.S. [5] [6] [7] The common name loblolly is given because the pine species is found mostly in lowlands and swampy areas. [8] Loblolly pine is the first among over 100 species of Pinus to have its complete genome sequenced. As of March 2014 ...