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A perfect shuffle is a riffle in which the deck is split into two equal-sized packets, and in which the interleaving between these two packets strictly alternates between the two. There are two types of perfect shuffle, an in shuffle and an out shuffle, both of which can be performed consistently by some well-trained people. When a deck is ...
Cards lifted after a riffle shuffle, forming what is called a bridge which puts the cards back into place After a riffle shuffle, the cards cascade. A common shuffling technique is called the riffle, or dovetail shuffle or leafing the cards, in which half of the deck is held in each hand with the thumbs inward, then cards are released by the thumbs so that they fall to the table interleaved.
Among all of the possible riffle shuffle permutations of a card deck, the Gilbert–Shannon–Reeds model gives almost all riffles equal probability, /, of occurring. However, there is one exception, the identity permutation , which has a greater probability ( n + 1 ) / 2 n {\displaystyle (n+1)/2^{n}} of occurring.
The faro shuffle is a controlled shuffle that does not fully randomize a deck. A perfect faro shuffle, where the cards are perfectly alternated, requires the shuffler to cut the deck into two equal stacks and apply just the right pressure when pushing the half decks into each other.
Perfect shuffle may refer to: Faro shuffle , in particular the interpretation whereby cards (or more generally, entities in sequence) are divided into two equal piles and interleaved. Any shuffling algorithm that guarantees perfect randomness (all possible orders with equal probability), such as the Fisher–Yates shuffle .
Principles of Riffle Shuffle Set-ups 1968 30 Prolix Prototype 1989 50 Punch out Puzzle Kit 1982 24 Quick Card Tricks 1989 50 Riffle Shuffle Control 1979 23 Riffle Shuffle Methods 1987 49 Riffle Shuffle Set-ups 1973 98 Riffle Shuffle Set-ups 1976 98 Riffle Shuffle Technique Preliminaries, Notes, Problems 1971 22
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The shuffle product was introduced by Eilenberg & Mac Lane (1953). The name "shuffle product" refers to the fact that the product can be thought of as a sum over all ways of riffle shuffling two words together: this is the riffle shuffle permutation. The product is commutative and associative. [2]