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Altitude sickness, the mildest form being acute mountain sickness (AMS), is a harmful effect of high altitude, caused by rapid exposure to low amounts of oxygen at high elevation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] People's bodies can respond to high altitude in different ways.
Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a disease in which the proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells increases (polycythaemia) and there is an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood . CMS typically develops after extended time living at high altitude (over 2,500 metres (8,200 ft)).
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A rapid depressurisation to the low pressures of high altitudes can trigger altitude decompression sickness. The physiological responses to high altitude include hyperventilation , polycythemia , increased capillary density in muscle and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction–increased intracellular oxidative enzymes.
High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a life-threatening form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema that occurs in otherwise healthy people at altitudes typically above 2,500 meters (8,200 ft). [2] HAPE is a severe presentation of altitude sickness. Cases have also been reported between 1,500–2,500 metres or 4,900–8,200 feet in people who ...
High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a medical condition in which the brain swells with fluid because of the physiological effects of traveling to a high altitude. It generally appears in patients who have acute mountain sickness and involves disorientation, lethargy, and nausea among other symptoms.
The "Mile-High City" of Denver, the Colorado state capital, is only the 170th highest of the 273 Colorado municipalities. While the Town of Holly, Colorado is the lowest municipality in Colorado, it is higher than the high-points of 19 U.S. states and the District of Columbia.
In high mountains a further danger is altitude sickness. This typically occurs only above 2,500 metres (8,000 ft), though some are affected at lower altitudes. [66] [67] Risk factors include a prior episode of altitude sickness, a high degree of activity, and a rapid increase in elevation. [66]