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Orthopedic Examination Made Easy. Amazon Books. 2006. ISBN 978-0443100017 [26] Operative Techniques in Joint Reconstruction Surgery. 2016. ISBN 978-1451193060 [27] High Yield Orthopaedics. Elsevier. 2010. ISBN 978-1416002369 [28] Essentials in Total Hip Arthroplasty. Slack Incorporated. 2009. ISBN 978-1556428708 [29]
In both tests, the patient is placed in a standing or sitting position, and the arms are raised parallel to the ground in the scapular plane. [2] The tests differ in the rotation of the arm; in the empty can test, the arm is rotated to full internal rotation (thumb down) and in the full can test, the arm is rotated to 45° external rotation, thumb up. [1]
To perform the test, a patient is asked to hold an object, usually a flat object such as a piece of paper, between the thumb and index finger (pinch grip). The examiner then attempts to pull the object out of the subject's hands.
John Ebnezar is an Indian orthopaedic doctor, known for promoting wholistic orthopaedics, a practice combining modern medical techniques with yoga for the management of osteoarthritis. [ 1 ] He was awarded Rajyotsava Prashasti , the second highest civilian award of the Government of Karnataka in 2010. [ 2 ]
This is often done by having the patient lying on his or her back, lifting the knee to push towards the patient's chest while the other leg is allowed to fall over the side of an examination table, and is pushed toward the floor, flexing both sacroiliac joints. The test can also be performed with the patient in the lateral recumbent position.
Physical examination of the knee begins by observing the person's gait to assess for any abnormalities seen while walking. Gait assessment can be used to differentiate genuine knee pain or pain which referred from hip, lower back or the foot. A person can be asked to perform a duckwalk. This requires the person to squat and walk in that position.
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The Thomas test is a physical examination test, named after the Welsh orthopaedic surgeon, Hugh Owen Thomas (1834–1891), to rule out hip flexion contracture (fixed partial flexion of the hip) and psoas syndrome (injury to the psoas muscle).