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The optimal output, shown in the graph as , is the level of output at which marginal cost equals marginal revenue. The price that induces that quantity of output is the height of the demand curve at that quantity (denoted P m {\displaystyle P_{m}} ).
The optimal level of advertising for a firm is found where the ratio of advertising to sales equals the price-cost margin times the advertising elasticity of demand. The obvious result is that the greater the degree of sensitivity of quantity demanded to advertising and the greater the margin on the extra output then the higher the level of ...
The main purpose of break-even analysis is to determine the minimum output that must be exceeded for a business to profit. It also is a rough indicator of the earnings impact of a marketing activity. A firm can analyze ideal output levels to be knowledgeable on the amount of sales and revenue that would meet and surpass the break-even point.
These functions describe each firm's optimal (profit-maximizing) quantity of output given the price firms face in the market, , the marginal cost, , and output quantity of rival firms. The functions can be thought of as describing a firm's "Best Response" to the other firm's level of output.
In a single-goods case, a positive economic profit happens when the firm's average cost is less than the price of the product or service at the profit-maximizing output. The economic profit is equal to the quantity of output multiplied by the difference between the average cost and the price.
The Cournot-Nash equilibrium occurs where the two reaction functions intersect and both firms are choosing the optimal output given the output of the other firm. The Nash equilibrium is widely used in economics as the main alternative to competitive equilibrium.
If the two concert prices are the same, the consumer is completely indifferent and may flip a coin to decide. To see this mathematically, differentiate the utility function to find that the MRS is constant - this is the technical meaning of perfect substitutes. As a result of this, the solution to the consumer's constrained maximization problem ...
It compares a firm's price of output with its associated marginal cost where marginal cost pricing is the "socially optimal level" achieved in market with perfect competition. [41] Lerner (1934) believes that market power is the monopoly manufacturers' ability to raise prices above their marginal cost. [42]