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In other words, the rule is that the size of the markup of price over the marginal cost is inversely related to the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand for the good. [10] The optimal markup rule also implies that a non-competitive firm will produce on the elastic region of its market demand curve. Marginal cost is positive.
This makes a steady state unsustainable except at zero output, which again implies a consumption level of zero. Somewhere in between is the "Golden Rule" level of savings, where the savings propensity is such that per-capita consumption is at its maximum possible constant value. Put another way, the golden-rule capital stock relates to the ...
The optimal quantity of output for the perfect competitor is where marginal cost (MC) equals marginal revenue (MR). In the case depicted, since at this quantity of output average revenue (AR) exceeds average variable cost (not shown, but below average total cost (ATC)), the firm in this situation does not shut down.
Such a rule, determining the controls as a function of the states, is called a policy function. [12] [10] Finally, by definition, the optimal decision rule is the one that achieves the best possible value of the objective.
The rule considers the federal funds rate, the price level and changes in real income. [3] The Taylor rule computes the optimal federal funds rate based on the gap between the desired (targeted) inflation rate and the actual inflation rate; and the output gap between the actual and natural output level.
A markup rule is the pricing practice of a producer with market power, where a firm charges a fixed mark-up over its marginal cost. [ 1 ] [ page needed ] [ 2 ] [ page needed ] Derivation of the markup rule
If Walras's law has been satisfied, the optimal solution of the consumer lies at the point where the budget line and optimal indifference curve intersect, this is called the tangency condition. [3] To find this point, differentiate the utility function with respect to x and y to find the marginal utilities, then divide by the respective prices ...
The Ramsey problem, or Ramsey pricing, or Ramsey–Boiteux pricing, is a second-best policy problem concerning what prices a public monopoly should charge for the various products it sells in order to maximize social welfare (the sum of producer and consumer surplus) while earning enough revenue to cover its fixed costs.