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First-order hold (FOH) is a mathematical model of the practical reconstruction of sampled signals that could be done by a conventional digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and an analog circuit called an integrator. For FOH, the signal is reconstructed as a piecewise linear approximation to the original
First-order RC filter low-pass filter circuit. Roll-off of a first-order low-pass filter is 20 dB/decade (≈6 dB/octave) A simple first-order network such as a RC circuit will have a roll-off of 20 dB/decade. This is a little over 6 dB/octave and is the more usual description given for this roll-off.
A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is fixed relative to the phase of an input signal. Keeping the input and output phase in lockstep also implies keeping the input and output frequencies the same, thus a phase-locked loop can also track an input frequency.
ARINC 429 is a data transfer standard for aircraft avionics. It uses a self-clocking, self-synchronizing data bus protocol (Tx and Rx are on separate ports). The physical connection wires are twisted pairs carrying balanced differential signaling.
NC-SI, abbreviated from network controller sideband interface, is an electrical interface and protocol defined by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF). The NC-SI enables the connection of a baseboard management controller (BMC) to one or more network interface controllers (NICs) in a server computer system for the purpose of enabling out-of-band system management.
The AS-Interface is a single-master system, this means a master device exchanges the input and output data with all configured devices. The transmission medium is an unshielded two-wire yellow flat cable. The cable is used for signal transmission and at the same time for power supply (30 V).
Hold-in range. Free-running frequency of VCO is fixed and input signal frequency is slowly-changing. While ω ref is inside hold-in range, VCO frequency is in tune with it, which is called tracking. Outside hold-in range VCO may unlock from input signal. Definition of hold-in range.
MII has two signal interfaces: A Data interface to the Ethernet MAC, for sending and receiving Ethernet frame data. A PHY management interface, MDIO, used to read and write the control and status registers of the PHY in order to configure each PHY before operation, and to monitor link status during operation.