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Proportional representation (PR) refers to any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. [1] The concept applies mainly to political divisions (political parties) among voters. The aim of such systems is that all votes cast contribute to the result so that each representative in ...
The Conservative government response to a 2016–17 parliamentary petition demanding proportional representation said that "A referendum on changing the voting system was held in 2011 and the public voted overwhelmingly in favour of keeping the FPTP system."
IRV, under the name preferential vote, was one of the four alternative methods choices presented in the 2011 voting method referendum, but the referendum resulted in New Zealanders choosing to keep their proportional method of representation instead, while IRV came last with 8.34%.
The referendum took place on Thursday 5 May 2011, resulting in a 67.9% "No" vote, in favour of keeping the existing first-past-the-post; versus 32.1% "Yes" in favour of moving to AV. [4] Of 440 voting areas (based on Parliamentary constituencies ) only 10 of the 440 areas returned "yes" votes in favour of AV, of which six were in London, the ...
Cambridge, Massachusetts started using proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote in 1941 for its city council and school committee elections. Starting in the early 2000s, instant-runoff voting spread in the San Francisco Bay Area and throughout Minnesota. [8]
Currently the only place in the U.S. where proportional representation is used to elect government members is at the city level. Cambridge, Minneapolis and Portland are among the cities that use a P.R. system to elect their councils. [1] Proposals for electoral reform have included overturning the Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v.
Reforms can include changes to: Voting systems, such as adoption of proportional representation, Single transferable voting,a two-round system (runoff voting), instant-runoff voting (alternative voting, ranked-choice voting, or preferential voting), Instant Round Robin Voting called Condorcet Voting, range voting, approval voting, citizen initiatives and referendums and recall elections.
Proportional representation; Referendum; ... The G1000 is a donation-funded initiative launched in 2011 ... Texas power companies tapped then University of Texas ...