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It is characterized by changes in fetal movement, growth, heart rate, and presence of meconium stained fluid. [4] Risk factors for fetal distress/non-reassuring fetal status include anemia, restriction of fetal growth, maternal hypertension or cardiovascular disease, low amniotic fluid or meconium in the amniotic fluid, or a post-term pregnancy.
Hypotonia is a state of low muscle tone [1] (the amount of tension or resistance to stretch in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength. Hypotonia is not a specific medical disorder, but a potential manifestation of many different diseases and disorders that affect motor nerve control by the brain or muscle strength.
In addition to sideward bendings of the head, complex and generalized movements occur at the beginning of the fetal stage, with movements and startles that involve the whole body. [11] Movement of hands, hips and knees have been observed at nine weeks, [12] stretches and yawns at ten weeks, [13] and isolated limb movements beginning shortly ...
Placental abruption is the reason for about 15% of infant deaths around the time of birth. [2] ... decreased fetal movement [5] decreased fetal heart rate. [5]
For this reason, discrepancies between fundal height measurements and gestational age can be a clinical indication of amniotic fluid abnormality and should be evaluated by ultrasound. The symptoms of anhydramnios may not always be apparent, but some potential signs include: A decrease in the size of the baby's abdomen [13] Decreased fetal ...
This causes the maternal kidneys to excrete bicarbonate to compensate for this change in pH. The combined effect of the decreased serum concentrations of both carbon dioxide and bicarbonate leads to a slight overall increase in blood pH (to 7.44 compared to 7.40 in the non-pregnant state) .
At least three discrete body/limb movement in 30 minutes (episodes of active continuous movement considered a single movement. Less than three or two [3] movements US: Fetal muscle tone At least one [3] episode of active extension with return to flexion of fetal limb(s) or trunk, opening and closing of hand considered to be normal tone.
Intrauterine hypoxia (also known as fetal hypoxia) occurs when the fetus is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen. It may be due to a variety of reasons such as prolapse or occlusion of the umbilical cord , placental infarction , maternal diabetes (prepregnancy or gestational diabetes ) [ 1 ] and maternal smoking .