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A study in Canada found that the high school dropout rate for all ESL students was 74%. [43] High dropout rates are thought to be due to difficulties ESL students have in keeping up in mainstream classes, the increasing number of ESL students who enter middle or high school with interrupted prior formal education, and accountability systems. [42]
Cambridge English Qualifications are a graduated series of exams designed to assess competency in English for learners of English as a second or foreign language.The Cambridge English Qualifications are based on the candidate's scoring on the Cambridge English Scale which is a single range of scores used to report results for Cambridge English Language Assessment exams.
In the 1980s and 1990s, the levels stabilised and the suite of exams we recognise today became established. A five-level system was developed, which characterises Cambridge English's general English exams to the present day and laid the foundations for the levels in the CEFR. [61] [62] Level 1: the Key English Test (KET) was launched in 1994.
However, in 2011 the qualification title was amended on the Ofqual register to the Cambridge English Level 5 Certificate In Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (CELTA) [3] in order to reflect the wider range of students that teachers might have, including younger learners.
The following is a non-exhaustive list of standardized tests that assess a person's language proficiency of a foreign/secondary language. Various types of such exams exist per many languages—some are organized at an international level even through national authoritative organizations, while others simply for specific limited business or study orientation.
A CEFR level for the overall exam. [11] The candidate's overall score is averaged from the individual scores for each skill (Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking) and for Use of English. C2 Proficiency is targeted at CEFR Level C2, but also provides reliable assessment at the level below C2 (Level C1).
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Trinity College London has been running a Diploma syllabus for teachers of English as a foreign language since 1968. This was launched alongside major revisions to the Spoken English as a Foreign Language syllabus (a version of which was first introduced in 1937). The DipTESOL syllabus was last revised in 2005.