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However, Periyar's views were strikingly different from that of Gandhi. He saw birth control as a means for women to control their own lives. [39] In 1952, India became the first country in the developing world to create a state-sponsored family planning program, the National Family Planning Program. [40]
This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country. According to this national data India's IMR stood at 30 per 1,000 live births in 2019, while according to the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation it stood at 28 per 1,000 live births. [2] Indian states by Infant mortality rate (2019)
The total fertility rate of India in 2017 stood at 2.2. [2] Due to the large population, poverty and strain on resources, the Indian government initiated population control efforts to decrease birth rate with the current target being at 2.1 children per woman. [3]
In 2009, 48.3% of married women were estimated to use a contraceptive method, i.e. more than half of all married women did not. [15] About three-fourths of these were using female sterilization, which is by far the most prevalent birth-control method in India. [15] Condoms, at a mere 3%, were the next most prevalent method. [15]
In 2005, a woman's lifetime risk of maternal death in India was estimated to be 1 in 70. Similarly, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR; number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births) in India was 450. [16] In 2010, approximately one-quarter of all pregnancy- and delivery-related maternal deaths worldwide occur in India.
With India on course to become the country with the highest population in the world, healthcare workers are battling to promote birth control to families in rural areas
[2] 11.9% of all maternal deaths and 18% of all infant mortality in the world occurs in India, ranking it the highest in the world in 2021. [3] [4] 36.6 out of 1000 children are dead by the time they reach the age of 5. [5] 62% of children are immunized. [6] Communicable disease is the cause of death for 53% of all deaths in India. [7]
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