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Commissioned as a captain, she was captured on April 10, 1864, becoming the first female prisoner of war; she was released on August 12, 1864, in exchange for a Confederate major who was being held as a POW by the Union Army. At war's end, she received the Medal of Honor for her service and for hardships endured as a POW. [30]
During World War I and World War II, the primary role of women shifted towards employment in munitions factories, agriculture and food rationing, and other areas to fill the gaps left by men who had been drafted into the military. One of the most notable changes during World War II was the inclusion of many of women in regular military units.
First woman to earn a Philosophy doctorate degree. [42] [43] 1732 Laura Bassi: First woman to officially teach at a European university. [44] [45] [46] 1874 Grace Annie Lockhart: First woman in the British Empire to receive a Bachelor's degree: 1875 Stefania Wolicka-Arnd: First woman to receive a PhD in the modern era. [47] [48] 1891 Juana Miranda
1859: From 1859 to 1862 Maria Andreu (a.k.a. Maria Mestre de los Dolores) served as the Keeper of the St. Augustine Lighthouse in Florida, becoming the first Hispanic-American woman to serve in the U.S. Coast Guard and the first Hispanic-American woman to oversee a federal shore installation. [27]
The first African-American woman sworn into the Navy Nurse Corps was Phyllis Mae Dailey, a Columbia University student from New York, on March 8, 1945. She was the first of only four African-American women to serve as a Navy nurse during World War II. [26] The first five African-American women entered the Coast Guard Women's Reserve (SPARs).
During World War II, the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion — nicknamed the Six Triple Eight — was the first and only unit of color in the Women’s Army Corps (WAC) stationed in Europe.
The following is a list of women in war and their exploits from about 1800 up to about 1899. For women in warfare in the United States at this time, please see Timeline of women in war in the United States, pre-1945. Only women active in direct warfare, such as warriors, spies, and women who actively led armies are included in this list.
The first participation of a woman in combat occurred in 1823. Maria Quitéria de Jesus fought for the maintenance of the independence of Brazil, and is considered the first woman to enlist in a military unit. However, it was not until 1943, during World War II, that women officially entered the Brazilian Army.