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Supinator always acts together with biceps, except when the elbow joint is extended. [7] It is the most active muscle in forearm supination during unresisted supination, while biceps becomes increasingly active with heavy loading. [8] Supination strength decreases by 64% if supinator is disabled by, for example, injury. [9]
The initiation of valgus stress occurs at the conclusion of the arm-cocking phase. In the transitional moment from arm cocking to arm acceleration, the shoulder vigorously rotates internally, the forearm is in near full supination, and the elbow flexes from 90° to approximately 125°.
The biceps is a particularly powerful supinator of the forearm due to the distal attachment of the muscle at the radial tuberosity, on the opposite side of the bone from the supinator muscle. When flexed, the biceps effectively pulls the radius back into its neutral supinated position in concert with the supinator muscle.
The brachioradialis is a muscle of the forearm that flexes the forearm at the elbow. [1] [2] It is also capable of both pronation and supination, depending on the position of the forearm. [2] It is attached to the distal styloid process of the radius by way of the brachioradialis tendon, and to the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus.
The forearm is the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist. [1] The term forearm is used in anatomy to distinguish it from the arm , a word which is used to describe the entire appendage of the upper limb, but which in anatomy, technically, means only the region of the upper arm, whereas the lower "arm" is called the forearm.
supinator: Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament: lateral proximal shaft of radius: radial recurrent artery: posterior interosseus nerve (C7, C8) supinates forearm: pronator teres, pronator quadratus: 2 1 extensor indicis
The supinator and the anconeus are the two extensor muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm that do not pass through wrist extensor compartments. [3] The first compartment locating the most radial is occupied by the extensor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicis longus to insert to the thumb.
This corresponds to a counterclockwise twist for the right forearm and a clockwise twist for the left (when viewed superiorly). In the forearm, this action is performed by pronator quadratus and pronator teres muscle. Brachioradialis puts the forearm into a midpronated/supinated position from either full pronation or supination. For the foot ...