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This eruption, with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 7, ejected 37–45 km 3 (8.9–10.8 cubic miles) of dense-rock equivalent (DRE) material into the atmosphere, [3] and was the most recent confirmed VEI-7 eruption. [4] Although the Mount Tambora eruption reached a violent climax on 10 April 1815, [5] increased steaming and small phreatic ...
The main cause of the Year Without a Summer is generally held to be a volcanic winter created by the April 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora on Sumbawa. [7] [8] [9] The eruption had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) ranking of 7, and ejected at least 37 km 3 (8.9 cu mi) of dense-rock equivalent material into the atmosphere. [10]
A moderate-sized eruption on 5 April 1815 was followed by thunderous detonation sounds that could be heard in Ternate on the Molucca Islands, 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) from Mount Tambora. On the morning of 6 April 1815, volcanic ash began to fall in East Java , with faint detonation sounds lasting until 10 April. [ 31 ]
Mount Tambora, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia: 1815, Apr 10: 7: 160–213 km 3 (38–51 cu mi) of tephra: an estimated 10–120 million tons of sulfur dioxide were emitted, produced the "Year Without a Summer" [23] 1808 ice core event: Unknown eruption near equator, magnitude roughly half Tambora
Two of the four eruptions were previously identified: Mount Tambora in Indonesia exploded in 1815, and Cosegüina erupted in Nicaragua in 1835. The volcano that produced the 1808/1809 eruption ...
With an estimated ejecta volume of 160 km 3 (38 cu mi), Tambora's 1815 outburst was the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. Heavy volcanic ash falls were observed as far away as Borneo, Sulawesi, Java and Maluku islands. Most deaths from the eruption were from starvation and disease, as the eruptive fallout ruined the local agriculture.
Mount Tambora [6] Sunda Arc, Sumbawa: 144–213 37–50 [17] April 10, 1815: 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora: 6? Between Indonesia and Tonga [b] Unknown Unknown Unknown c.1808 Undocumented 1808 eruption [19] 5 Mount St. Helens: Cascade Volcanic Arc: 1.5 Unknown c.1800 T (Goat Rocks) 5 Katla: Iceland: 1 Unknown 1755-10-17 5 Mount ...
The only unambiguous VEI-7 eruption to have been directly observed in recorded history was Mount Tambora in 1815 and caused the Year Without a Summer in 1816. The Minoan eruption of Thera in the middle of the second millennium BC may have been VEI-7, but may have been just shy of the 100 cubic kilometers required.