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A fault trace or fault line is a place where the fault can be seen or mapped on the surface. A fault trace is also the line commonly plotted on geologic maps to represent a fault. [3] [4] A fault zone is a cluster of parallel faults. [5] [6] However, the term is also used for the zone of crushed rock along a single fault. [7]
Dip is defined as the angle of the fault relative to the surface of the earth, which indicates the plane on which slip will occur. Lastly, in any non-vertical fault, the block above the fault is called the hanging wall, while the blockbelow the fault is called the footwall. [4] Normal and reverse dip-slip faults with labeled hanging wall and ...
The best example is the San Andreas Fault on the Pacific coast of the United States. The San Andreas Fault links the East Pacific Rise off the West coast of Mexico (Gulf of California) to the Mendocino triple junction (Part of the Juan de Fuca plate) off the coast of the Northwestern United States, making it a ridge-to-transform-style fault. [5]
Also called Indianite. A mineral from the lime-rich end of the plagioclase group of minerals. Anorthites are usually silicates of calcium and aluminium occurring in some basic igneous rocks, typically those produced by the contact metamorphism of impure calcareous sediments. anticline An arched fold in which the layers usually dip away from the fold axis. Contrast syncline. aphanic Having the ...
Lifted fault-block geology Tilted fault-block formation in the Teton Range. Fault-block mountains often result from rifting, an indicator of extensional tectonics. These can be small or form extensive rift valley systems, such as the East African Rift zone. Death Valley in California is a smaller example.
Other examples of faults that have experienced aseismic creep include a San Andreas Fault in California and the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey. [3] Creep along the Maacama Fault is about 8 mm per year, consistent with the steady movement along the rest of the Hayward Fault system. Offset in the California Memorial Stadium.
A thrust fault is a type of reverse fault that has a dip of 45 degrees or less. [1] [2] If the angle of the fault plane is lower (often less than 15 degrees from the horizontal [3]) and the displacement of the overlying block is large (often in the kilometer range) the fault is called an overthrust or overthrust fault. [4]
In physical geography and geology, a horst is a raised fault block bounded by normal faults. [1] Horsts are typically found together with grabens . While a horst is lifted or remains stationary, the grabens on either side subside . [ 2 ]