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Spain – Texas relations refers to the historical foreign relations between the Spanish Empire and the Republic of Texas, which began unofficially around 1839, when Spain refused to assist Mexico in the reconquest of Texas. [1] The relations ended in 1846, with the annexation of Texas to the United States of America. [2]
Spanish Texas was one of the interior provinces of the colonial Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1519 until 1821. Spain claimed ownership of the region in 1519. Slave raids by Spaniards into what became Texas began in the 16th century and created an atmosphere of antagonism with Native Americans (Indians) which would cause endless difficulties for the Spanish in the future.
The Spanish introduced European livestock, including cattle, horses, and mules, to Texas as early as the 1690s. [75] These herds grazed heavily on the native grasses, allowing mesquite, which was native to the lower Texas coast, to spread inland. Spanish farmers also introduced tilling and irrigation to the land, further changing the landscape ...
The Republic of Texas (Spanish: República de Tejas), or simply Texas, was a breakaway state in North America. [5] It existed for close to 10 years, from March 2, 1836 to February 19, 1846. Texas shared borders with Mexico , the Republic of the Rio Grande (another Mexican breakaway republic), and the United States of America .
The first railroad built in Texas is called the Harrisburg Railroad and opened for business in 1853. [21] In 1854, the Texas and Red River telegraph services were the first telegraph offices to open in Texas. [21] The Texas cotton industry in 1859 increased production by seven times compared to 1849, as 58,073 bales increased to 431,645 bales. [22]
When Spanish rule in Texas ended, Mexicans in Texas numbered 5,000. In 1850 over 14,000 Texas residents had Mexican origin. [1] [2] In 1911 an extremely bloody decade-long civil war broke out in Mexico. Hundreds of thousands of refugees fled to Texas, raising the Hispanic population from 72,000 in 1900 to 250,000 in 1920.
Spanish was the first European language to be used in Texas, especially during the years when Texas was a province of Mexico and Spanish was the official language. Other early immigrants arriving directly from Europe such as Germans , Poles , Czechs , [ 14 ] and Sorbs [ 15 ] (also called Wends ) also brought their own languages, sometimes ...
Diplomatic recognition in 1821 (), 1822 (US), and 1825 (UK).; Spain retained the islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico until the Spanish–American War of 1898.; Banda Oriental and Spanish Texas become part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves and First Mexican Empire respectively.