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  2. Firmware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware

    Firmware hacks usually take advantage of the firmware update facility on many devices to install or run themselves. Some, however, must resort to exploits to run, because the manufacturer has attempted to lock the hardware to stop it from running unlicensed code. Most firmware hacks are free software.

  3. Flashrom (utility) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashrom_(utility)

    Flashrom is a software utility published under an open source license that can detect, read, verify, erase, or write EEPROMs using interfaces such as the Low Pin Count (LPC), FWH, parallel, and Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). It can be used to flash firmware images such as BIOS or coreboot, or to backup existing firmware.

  4. EEPROM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM

    Many past microcontrollers included both (flash memory for the firmware and a small EEPROM for parameters), though the trend with modern microcontrollers is to emulate EEPROM using flash. As of 2020, flash memory costs much less than byte-programmable EEPROM and is the dominant memory type wherever a system requires a significant amount of non ...

  5. BIOS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS

    EEPROM and flash memory chips are advantageous because they can be easily updated by the user; it is customary for hardware manufacturers to issue BIOS updates to upgrade their products, improve compatibility and remove bugs. However, this advantage had the risk that an improperly executed or aborted BIOS update could render the computer or ...

  6. UEFITool - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFITool

    UEFITool is a software program for reading and modifying EEPROM images with UEFI firmware. [1] It is written in C++ using the Qt library. [2] Features include the ability to view the flash regions and to extract and import them. [3] UEFITool allows the user to search for hex and text patterns. [4] UEFITool presents UEFI firmware images in a ...

  7. Read-only memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory

    Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), developed by Yasuo Tarui, Yutaka Hayashi and Kiyoko Naga at the Electrotechnical Laboratory in 1972, [11] went a long way to solving problem 4, since an EEPROM can be programmed in-place if the containing device provides a means to receive the program contents from an external source ...

  8. UEFI - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFI

    UEFI requires the firmware and operating system loader (or kernel) to be size-matched; that is, a 64-bit UEFI firmware implementation can load only a 64-bit operating system (OS) boot loader or kernel (unless the CSM-based legacy boot is used) and the same applies to 32-bit.

  9. In-system programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-system_programming

    In 1993 Microchip Technology introduced the first microcontroller with EEPROM memory: the PIC16C84. EEPROM memories can be electrically erased. EEPROM memories can be electrically erased. This feature allowed to lower the realization costs by removing the erasing window above the package and initiate in-system programming technology.