Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
N. Björkenstam, 'The Blast Furnace in Europe during the Medieval Times: part of a new system for producing wrought iron' and M. Kempa and Ü. Yalçin, 'Medieval Iron Smelting in southern Germany: early evidence of pig iron' both in G. Magnusson (ed.), The importance of Ironmaking: Technical Innovation and Social Change: papers presented at the ...
The PCI method is based on the simple concept of primary air (termed the "conveying gas") carrying pulverized coal which injected through a lance to the tuyere (mid-bottom inlet of a blast furnace), then mixed with secondary hot air (termed the "blast") supplied through a blowpipe in the tuyere and then piped to a furnace to create a balloon ...
A part of the smaller one ( 5 – 20 mm) is used for hearth layer in sinter machine and the rest is taken to the blast furnace along with the biggest sized sinters. The temperature is typically maintained between 1,150 and 1,250 °C (2,100 and 2,280 °F) in the ignition zone and between 900 and 1000 °C in the soaking zone to prevent sudden ...
Blast furnaces differ from bloomeries and reverberatory furnaces in that in a blast furnace, flue gas is in direct contact with the ore and iron, allowing carbon monoxide to diffuse into the ore and reduce the iron oxide. The blast furnace operates as a countercurrent exchange process whereas a bloomery does not.
The coking plant that feeds a battery of blast furnaces is just as expensive as the blast furnace and requires a specific quality of coal. [ 64 ] [ 65 ] Conversely, many direct-reduction processes are disadvantaged by the costly transformation of ore into pellets: these cost on average 70% more than raw ore. [ 66 ]
For example, a blast furnace may have several "stoves" or "checkers" full of refractory fire brick. The hot gas from the furnace is ducted through the brickwork for some interval, say one hour, until the brick reaches a high temperature. Valves then operate and switch the cold intake air through the brick, recovering the heat for use in the ...
A tuyere, seen from inside a blast furnace An old tuyere in Nok, Nigeria. A tuyere or tuyère (French pronunciation:; English: / t w iː ˈ j ɛər /) [1] [2] is a tube, nozzle or pipe allowing the blowing of air into a furnace or hearth. [3] Air or oxygen is injected into a hearth under pressure from bellows or a blowing engine or other devices.
The basic oxygen steel-making process is as follows: Molten pig iron (sometimes referred to as "hot metal") from a blast furnace is poured into a large refractory-lined container called a ladle . The metal in the ladle is sent directly for basic oxygen steelmaking or to a pretreatment stage where sulfur , silicon , and phosphorus are removed ...