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Porphyry copper deposits represent an important resource and the dominant source of copper that is mined today to satisfy global demand. [6] Via compilation of geological data, it has been found that the majority of porphyry deposits are Phanerozoic in age and were emplaced at depths of approximately 1 to 6 kilometres with vertical thicknesses on average of 2 kilometres. [6]
Arizona is known as the Copper State because it produces two-thirds of US copper annually. Laramide copper porphyry deposits are common around Tucson and include the Twin Buttes, Sierrita-Esperanza, Rosemont, Silver Bell and Mission-Pima mines, as well as the historical Ajo mine to the west.
Phyllic alteration typically forms in the base-metal zone of a porphyry system. [2] Alteration assemblages vary with depth and with degree of fluid interaction. In deep environments, the most highly altered areas are veins and thin selvages, or halos, that surround them. The selvages are generally <10 cm in diameter and composed of major ...
The Safford Mine is an open-pit copper mine located in Graham County, Arizona, eight miles (13 km) north of the city of Safford. The mine is owned and operated by Freeport-McMoran Copper & Gold. Construction on the Safford mine began in mid-2006. Production began December 26, 2007, with full production starting in 2008. [1]
The Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) was established by the Arizona Legislature to investigate and describe Arizona's geology and to educate and inform the public regarding its geologic setting. Each year since 1915, AZGS has released geologic maps, formal reports, and other geology-related publications.
Gila County, Arizona: Freeport-McMoRan: Copper ore, leached 5 (2021) [2] 18 Carlota Gila County, Arizona: KGHM Polska Miedź: Porphyry copper open pit, producing copper cathode 3.2 (2018) [10] 19 Pumpkin Hollow (see Anaconda) Lyon County, Nevada: Nevada Copper IOCG skarn, underground, producing copper concentrate - (2019) [11]
This is common in porphyry copper and porphyry molybdenum deposits. Argillic alteration, commonly present in the distal areas of porphyry deposits, is a low-temperature assemblage that converts feldspars and some other minerals into clay minerals such as kaolinite and illite. It can overprint older, higher-temperature alteration assemblages. [13]
In 2007, Arizona was the leading copper-producing state in the country, producing 750 thousand metric tons of copper, valued at $5.54 billion. Arizona's copper production was 60% of the total for the United States. Copper mining also produces gold and silver as byproducts. [2] Byproduct molybdenum from copper mining makes Arizona the nation's ...