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Edward Jenner (17 May 1749 – 26 January 1823) was an English physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines and created the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. [1] [2] The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae ('pustules of the cow'), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox.
Vaccine-preventable deaths are usually caused by a failure to obtain the vaccine in a timely manner. This may be due to financial constraints or to lack of access to the vaccine. A vaccine that is generally recommended may be medically inappropriate for a small number of people due to severe allergies or a damaged immune system. In addition, a ...
An mRNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that uses a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce an immune response. [1] The vaccine delivers molecules of antigen-encoding mRNA into cells, which use the designed mRNA as a blueprint to build foreign protein that would normally be produced by a pathogen (such as a virus) or by a cancer ...
Unlike diseases such as smallpox and polio, there is no vaccine or drug therapy for guinea worm. [43] Eradication efforts have been based on making drinking water supplies safer (e.g. by provision of borehole wells, or through treating the water with larvicide), on containment of infection and on education for safe drinking water practices.
A respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, or RSV vaccine, is a vaccine that protects against respiratory syncytial virus. [1] RSV affects an estimated 64 million people and causes 160,000 deaths worldwide each year. [2] The RSV vaccines Arexvy , [3] Abrysvo , [4] and Mresvia [5] are approved for medical use in the United States.
Varicella vaccine is 70% to 90% effective for preventing varicella and more than 95% effective for preventing severe varicella. [21] Follow-up evaluations have taken place in the United States of children immunized that revealed protection for at least 11 years. Studies were conducted in Japan which indicated protection for at least 20 years. [21]
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The rabies vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rabies. [11] There are several rabies vaccines available that are both safe and effective. [11] Vaccinations must be administered prior to rabies virus exposure or within the latent period after exposure to prevent the disease. [12]