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The general Legendre equation reads ″ ′ + [(+)] =, where the numbers λ and μ may be complex, and are called the degree and order of the relevant function, respectively. . The polynomial solutions when λ is an integer (denoted n), and μ = 0 are the Legendre polynomials P n; and when λ is an integer (denoted n), and μ = m is also an integer with | m | < n are the associated Legendre ...
Legendre polynomials are also useful in expanding functions of the form (this is the same as before, written a little differently): + = = (), which arise naturally in multipole expansions. The left-hand side of the equation is the generating function for the Legendre polynomials.
In mathematics, the associated Legendre polynomials are the canonical solutions of the general Legendre equation. or equivalently. where the indices ℓ and m (which are integers) are referred to as the degree and order of the associated Legendre polynomial respectively. This equation has nonzero solutions that are nonsingular on [−1, 1] only ...
Legendre's formula. In mathematics, Legendre's formula gives an expression for the exponent of the largest power of a prime p that divides the factorial n!. It is named after Adrien-Marie Legendre. It is also sometimes known as de Polignac's formula, after Alphonse de Polignac.
The function () is defined on the interval [,].For a given , the difference () takes the maximum at ′.Thus, the Legendre transformation of () is () = ′ (′).. In mathematics, the Legendre transformation (or Legendre transform), first introduced by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1787 when studying the minimal surface problem, [1] is an involutive transformation on real-valued functions that are ...
Multiplication theorem. In mathematics, the multiplication theorem is a certain type of identity obeyed by many special functions related to the gamma function. For the explicit case of the gamma function, the identity is a product of values; thus the name. The various relations all stem from the same underlying principle; that is, the relation ...
In number theory, the Legendre symbol is a multiplicative function with values 1, −1, 0 that is a quadratic character modulo of an odd prime number p: its value at a (nonzero) quadratic residue mod p is 1 and at a non-quadratic residue (non-residue) is −1. Its value at zero is 0. The Legendre symbol was introduced by Adrien-Marie Legendre ...
The Legendre's relation always includes products of two complete elliptic integrals. For the derivation of the function side from the equation scale of Legendre's identity, the product rule is now applied in the following: Of these three equations, adding the top two equations and subtracting the bottom equation gives this result: