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  2. Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjectivity_and...

    The root of the words subjectivity and objectivity are subject and object, philosophical terms that mean, respectively, an observer and a thing being observed.The word subjectivity comes from subject in a philosophical sense, meaning an individual who possesses unique conscious experiences, such as perspectives, feelings, beliefs, and desires, [1] [3] or who (consciously) acts upon or wields ...

  3. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    The tendency to perceive meaningful connections between unrelated things. [17] The following are types of apophenia: Clustering illusion, the tendency to overestimate the importance of small runs, streaks, or clusters in large samples of random data (that is, seeing phantom patterns).

  4. Philosophy of perception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_perception

    [16] [17] Mathematicians now know of many types of projective geometry such as complex Minkowski space that might describe the layout of things in perception (see Peters (2000)) and it has also emerged that parts of the brain contain patterns of electrical activity that correspond closely to the layout of the retinal image (this is known as ...

  5. Naïve realism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naïve_realism

    Naïve realism argues we perceive the world directly. In philosophy of perception and epistemology, naïve realism (also known as direct realism or perceptual realism) is the idea that the senses provide us with direct awareness of objects as they really are. [1] When referred to as direct realism, naïve realism is often contrasted with ...

  6. Objectivity (science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectivity_(science)

    To be considered objective, the results of measurement must be communicated from person to person, and then demonstrated for third parties, as an advance in a collective understanding of the world. Such demonstrable knowledge has ordinarily conferred demonstrable powers of prediction or technology.

  7. Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity_and...

    This theory states that the language a person speaks will affect the way that this person thinks. [1] The theory varies between two main proposals: that language structure determines how individuals perceive the world and that language structure influences the world view of speakers of a given language but does not determine it. [2]

  8. Direct and indirect realism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_and_indirect_realism

    Direct realism, also known as naïve realism, argues we perceive the world directly. In the philosophy of perception and philosophy of mind, direct or naïve realism, as opposed to indirect or representational realism, are differing models that describe the nature of conscious experiences; [1] [2] out of the metaphysical question of whether the world we see around us is the real world itself ...

  9. Subject and object (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_and_object...

    In English the word object is derived from the Latin objectus (p.p. of obicere) with the meaning "to throw, or put before or against", from ob-, "against", and the root jacere, "to throw". [2] Some other related English words include objectify (to reify), objective (a future reference), and objection (an expression of protest).