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Multiple-element compression seal fittings are used when multiple elements of the same or different diameters such as metal tubing, ceramic or rigid plastic tube or pipe, temperature probe, a tubewell, low voltage instrumentation wire, or a power supply feedthrough.
The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.
Some metals, such as mild steel, reach an upper yield point before dropping rapidly to a lower yield point. The material response is linear up until the upper yield point, but the lower yield point is used in structural engineering as a conservative value. If a metal is only stressed to the upper yield point, and beyond, Lüders bands can ...
The parameters (,,,) obtained from a test result can be used with these formulas to calculate the equivalent true stress ´ at failure. Specimen shape effect The graph of specimen shape effect shows how the ratio of true stress to engineering stress (σ´/σ e ) varies with the aspect ratio of the test specimen ( d o / l o {\textstyle d_{o}/l ...
The Lankford coefficient (also called Lankford value, R-value, or plastic strain ratio) [1] is a measure of the plastic anisotropy of a rolled sheet metal. This scalar quantity is used extensively as an indicator of the formability of recrystallized low-carbon steel sheets. [2]
It is also known as the strength-to-weight ratio or strength/weight ratio or strength-to-mass ratio. In fiber or textile applications, tenacity is the usual measure of specific strength. The SI unit for specific strength is Pa ⋅ m 3 / kg , or N ⋅m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m 2 /s 2 , though the latter form is rarely used.
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In an experimental situation the hardness of the uppermost layer of material in the contact may not be known with any certainty, consequently, the ratio is more useful; this is known as the dimensional wear coefficient or the specific wear rate. This is usually quoted in units of mm 3 N −1 m −1. [5]