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As of 2020, the most expensive non-synthetic element by both mass and volume is rhodium. It is followed by caesium, iridium and palladium by mass and iridium, gold and platinum by volume. Carbon in the form of diamond can be more expensive than rhodium. Per-kilogram prices of some synthetic radioisotopes range to trillions of dollars.
Californium is a silvery-white actinide metal [12] with a melting point of 900 ± 30 °C (1,650 ± 50 °F) and an estimated boiling point of 1,743 K (1,470 °C; 2,680 °F). [13] The pure metal is malleable and is easily cut with a knife. Californium metal starts to vaporize above 300 °C (570 °F) when exposed to a vacuum. [14]
Cost: $100,000 per gram or more. ... Cost: $27 million per gram. Californium is a rare element that is man-made and not found in nature. As the name suggests, the element was first created in the ...
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
Its density of 8.84 g/cm 3 is lower than that of californium (15.1 g/cm 3) and is nearly the same as that of holmium (8.79 g/cm 3), despite einsteinium being much heavier per atom than holmium. Einsteinium's melting point (860 °C) is also relatively low – below californium (900 °C), fermium (1527 °C) and holmium (1461 °C).
Transuranic elements are difficult and expensive to produce, and their prices increase rapidly with atomic number. As of 2008, the cost of weapons-grade plutonium was around $4,000/gram, [2] and californium exceeded $60,000,000/gram. [3] Einsteinium is the heaviest element that has been produced in macroscopic quantities. [4]
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The only californium ion that is stable in aqueous solutions is the californium(III) cation. [2] The other two oxidation states are IV (strong oxidizing agents) and II (strong reducing agents). [3] The element forms a water-soluble chloride, nitrate, perchlorate, and sulfate and is precipitated as a fluoride, oxalate or hydroxide. [4]