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This is a list of Kurdish dynasties, countries and autonomous territories. The Kurds are an Iranian people without their own nation state, they inhabit a geo-cultural region known as "Kurdistan" which lies in east Turkey, north Syria, north Iraq and west Iran. (For more information see Origin of the Kurds.) [1] [2]
Xarab-I Kilashin, ancient city [4] rediscovered in 2017 near the Grand Zab River in Iraqi Kurdistan Hawler Citadel , Erbil is first mentioned in literary sources by the Sumerians around 2300 B.C, According to Giovanni Pettinato, author of several publications about Mesopotamian civilizations, Erbil is mentioned in two tablets as " Irbilum ". [ 5 ]
Kurdistan (Kurdish: کوردستان, romanized: Kurdistan, lit. ' land of the Kurds '; [ˌkʊɾdɪˈstɑːn] ⓘ), [5] or Greater Kurdistan, [6] [7] is a roughly defined geo-cultural region in West Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population [8] and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. [9]
Kurdistan boasts many examples from ancient Iranian, Roman, Greek and Semitic origin, most famous of these include Bisotun and Taq-e Bostan in Kermanshah, Takht-e Soleyman near Takab, Mount Nemrud near Adiyaman and the citadels of Erbil and Diyarbakir. The first genuinely Kurdish examples extant were built in the 11th century.
The province of Kurdistan, formed by Sanjar, had as its capital the village Bahar (which means lake or sea), near ancient Ecbatana . It included the vilayets of Sinjar and Shahrazur to the west of the Zagros mountain range and those of Hamadan, Dinawar and Kermanshah to the east of this range.
Map showing kingdoms of Corduene and Adiabene in the last centuries BC. The blue line shows the expedition and then retreat of the ten thousand through Corduene in 401 BC. Some identify Corduene and Carduchi with the modern Kurds, considering that Carduchi was the ancient lexical equivalent of "Kurdistan". [52]
This is a list of notable Kurds, chronologically listed: 1st century-15th century. Jaban al-Kurdi (6th century) Bahlool Mahi (9th century) Mir Jafar Dasni (d. c. 841) [1]
The demarcation of borders between the Safavid Shah Safi and the Ottoman caliph Sultan Murad IV in 1639 effectively divided Kurdistan between the two empires. [1] The eyalet of Diyarbakir was the center of the major and minor Kurdish chiefdoms. However, other Kurdish emirates existed outside of Diyarbakir. [2] [3]