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Content coupling (high) Content coupling is said to occur when one module uses the code of another module, for instance a branch. This violates information hiding – a basic software design concept. Common coupling Common coupling is said to occur when several modules have access to the same global data.
Homoaromaticity, in organic chemistry, refers to a special case of aromaticity in which conjugation is interrupted by a single sp 3 hybridized carbon atom. Although this sp 3 center disrupts the continuous overlap of p-orbitals, traditionally thought to be a requirement for aromaticity, considerable thermodynamic stability and many of the spectroscopic, magnetic, and chemical properties ...
The most common type of coupling reaction is the cross coupling reaction. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Richard F. Heck , Ei-ichi Negishi , and Akira Suzuki were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions .
Fukuyama coupling is a palladium-catalyzed reaction involving the coupling of an aryl, alkyl, allyl, or α,β- unsaturated thioester compound. This thioester compound can be coupled to a wide range of organozinc reagents in order to reveal the corresponding ketone product.
The Hoesch reaction or Houben–Hoesch reaction is an organic reaction in which a nitrile reacts with an arene compound to form an aryl ketone.The reaction is a type of Friedel-Crafts acylation with hydrogen chloride and a Lewis acid catalyst.
In electrical circuits sharing a common signal return path, electrical impedance in the return path creates common impedance coupling between the signals, resulting in crosstalk. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Crosstalk is a significant issue in structured cabling , audio electronics , integrated circuit design , wireless communication and other communications ...
The Negishi coupling finds common use in the field of total synthesis as a method for selectively forming C-C bonds between complex synthetic intermediates. The reaction allows for the coupling of sp 3, sp 2, and sp carbon atoms, (see orbital hybridization) which make it somewhat unusual among the palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.
Bibliographic coupling, like co-citation, is a similarity measure that uses citation analysis to establish a similarity relationship between documents. Bibliographic coupling occurs when two works reference a common third work in their bibliographies. It is an indication that a probability exists that the two works treat a related subject ...