Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
In geometry, an envelope of a planar family of curves is a curve that is tangent to each member of the family at some point, and these points of tangency together form the whole envelope. Classically, a point on the envelope can be thought of as the intersection of two "infinitesimally adjacent" curves, meaning the limit of intersections of ...
In abstract harmonic analysis the notion of envelope plays a key role in the generalizations of the Pontryagin duality theory [20] to the classes of non-commutative groups: the holomorphic, the smooth and the continuous envelopes of stereotype algebras (in the examples given above) lead respectively to the constructions of the holomorphic, the ...
Formally, a Lie superalgebra is a nonassociative Z 2-graded algebra, or superalgebra, over a commutative ring (typically R or C) whose product [·, ·], called the Lie superbracket or supercommutator, satisfies the two conditions (analogs of the usual Lie algebra axioms, with grading):
It is a special case of 4D N = 1 global supersymmetry. Super Yang–Mills was studied by Julius Wess and Bruno Zumino in which they demonstrated the supergauge-invariance of the theory and wrote down its action, [1] alongside the action of the Wess–Zumino model, another early supersymmetric field theory.
A global symmetry is a symmetry applied uniformly (in some sense) to each point of a manifold. A local symmetry is a symmetry which is position dependent. Gauge symmetry is an example of a local symmetry, with the symmetry described by a Lie group (which mathematically describe continuous symmetries), which in the context of gauge theory is ...
Supersymmetry was coined by Abdus Salam and John Strathdee in 1974 as a simplification of the term super-gauge symmetry used by Wess and Zumino, although Zumino also used the same term at around the same time. [24] [25] The term supergauge was in turn coined by Neveu and Schwarz in 1971 when they devised supersymmetry in the context of string ...
However, this is a minority view within the string community. Since E 7 is in some sense F 4 quaternified and E 8 is F 4 octonified, the 12 and 16 dimensional theories, if they did exist, may involve the noncommutative geometry based on the quaternions and octonions, respectively. From the above discussion, it can be seen that physicists have ...
The Symmetries of Things has three major sections, subdivided into 26 chapters. [8] The first of the sections discusses the symmetries of geometric objects. It includes both the symmetries of finite objects in two and three dimensions, and two-dimensional infinite structures such as frieze patterns and tessellations, [2] and develops a new notation for these symmetries based on work of ...