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A malleolus is the bony prominence on each side of the human ankle. Each leg is supported by two bones, the tibia on the inner side (medial) of the leg and the fibula on the outer side (lateral) of the leg. The medial malleolus is the prominence on the inner side of
A bimalleolar fracture is a fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus and the medial malleolus. Studies have shown [1] that bimalleolar fractures are more common in women, people over 60 years of age, and patients with existing comorbidities. [1]
Ankle X-ray is only required if: There is any pain in the malleolar zone; and, Any one of the following: Bone tenderness along the distal 6 cm of the posterior edge of the tibia or tip of the medial malleolus, OR; Bone tenderness along the distal 6 cm of the posterior edge of the fibula or tip of the lateral malleolus, OR
Fracture of the medial malleolus seen on X-ray scan (left ankle) Common symptoms of a Maisonneuve fracture are pain, swelling, tenderness, and bruising around the ankle joint and inferior (or distal) tibiofibular joint. More specifically, as a pronation-external rotation injury, pain during external rotation of the ankle joint is expected.
Ankle fractures may result from excessive stress on the joint such as from rolling an ankle or from blunt trauma. [1] [2] Types of ankle fractures include lateral malleolus, medial malleolus, posterior malleolus, bimalleolar, and trimalleolar fractures. [1] The Ottawa ankle rule can help determine the need for X-rays. [2]
medial malleolus occasionally fractured; usually stable: occasionally nonetheless requires an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) particularly if medial malleolus fractured; Type B. Fracture of the fibula at the level of the syndesmosis. Typical features: at the level of the ankle joint, extending superiorly and laterally up the fibula
The posterior talofibular ligament runs horizontally between the neck of the talus and the medial side of lateral malleolus calcaneofibular ligament; The calcaneofibular ligament is attached on the posteromedial side of lateral malleolus and descends posteroinferiorly below to a lateral side of the calcaneus.
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is the most commonly reported nerve entrapment of the ankle. It is analogous to carpal tunnel syndrome in the wrist.It is caused by compression of the tibial nerve underneath the flexor retinaculum of the foot. [1]