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Other endosymbiosis with nitrogen fixers in open oceans include Calothrix in Chaetoceros spp. and UNCY-A in prymnesiophyte microalga. [64] The Chaetoceros-Calothrix endosymbiosis is hypothesized to be more recent, as the Calothrix genome is generally intact. While other species like that of the UNCY-A symbiont and Richelia have reduced genomes ...
Mixotricha paradoxa, which itself is a symbiont, contains numerous endosymbiotic bacteria; Parakaryon myojinensis, a possible result of endosymbiosis independent of eukaryotes; Parasite Eve, fiction about endosymbiosis; Strigomonas culicis, another protozoan that harbours an obligate bacterial symbiont
The theory of endosymbiosis, as known as symbiogenesis, provides an explanation for the evolution of eukaryotic organisms. According to the theory of endosymbiosis for the origin of eukaryotic cells, scientists believe that eukaryotes originated from the relationship between two or more prokaryotic cells approximately 2.7 billion years ago.
Diagram of the six possible types of symbiotic relationship, from mutual benefit to mutual harm. The definition of symbiosis was a matter of debate for 130 years. [7] In 1877, Albert Bernhard Frank used the term symbiosis to describe the mutualistic relationship in lichens.
A symbiosome is formed as a result of a complex and coordinated interaction between the symbiont host and the endosymbiont. [5] At the point of entry into a symbiont host cell, part of the cell's membrane envelops the endosymbiont and breaks off into the cytoplasm as a discrete unit, an organelle-like vacuole called the symbiosome.
Most tertiary endosymbiosis events end up with only the plastid retained. However, in the case of dinotoms (i.e. those having diatom endosymbionts), the symbiont's nucleus appears to be of normal size with a large amount of DNA, surrounded by plenty of cytoplasm. The symbiont even has its own DNA-containing mitochondria.
Symbiodinium reach high cell densities through prolific mitotic division in the endodermal tissues of many shallow tropical and sub-tropical cnidarians.This is a SEM of a freeze-fractured internal mesentery from a reef coral polyp (Porites porites) that shows the distribution and density of symbiont cells.
I thought that "endosymbiosis" merely refers to a relationship between an endosymbiont and a host, and doesn't necessarily have anything to do with evolution. I think this usage is common in the literature, and it's supported by analogy with symbiosis, which just refers to a relationship between a symbiont and host.