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  2. Flavin adenine dinucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavin_adenine_dinucleotide

    [9] [10] Changing the form can have a large impact on other chemical properties. For example, FAD, the fully oxidized form is subject to nucleophilic attack, the fully reduced form, FADH 2 has high polarizability, while the half reduced form is unstable in aqueous solution. [11] FAD is an aromatic ring system, whereas FADH 2 is not. [12]

  3. FAD reductase (NADH) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAD_reductase_(NADH)

    FAD reductase (NADH) (EC 1.5.1.37, NADH-FAD reductase, NADH-dependent FAD reductase) is an enzyme with systematic name FADH 2:NAD + oxidoreductase. [1] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction. FADH 2 + NAD + FAD + NADH + H + The enzyme from Burkholderia phenoliruptrix has a preference for FAD.

  4. Cellular respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration

    Out of the cytoplasm it goes into the Krebs cycle with the acetyl CoA. It then mixes with CO 2 and makes 2 ATP, NADH, and FADH. From there the NADH and FADH go into the NADH reductase, which produces the enzyme. The NADH pulls the enzyme's electrons to send through the electron transport chain. The electron transport chain pulls H + ions ...

  5. Metabolic pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_pathway

    An example of a coupled reaction is the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to form the intermediate fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by the enzyme phosphofructokinase accompanied by the hydrolysis of ATP in the pathway of glycolysis. The resulting chemical reaction within the metabolic pathway is highly thermodynamically favorable and, as a ...

  6. Bioenergetic systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioenergetic_systems

    Those processes convert energy into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the form suitable for muscular activity. There are two main forms of synthesis of ATP: aerobic, which uses oxygen from the bloodstream, and anaerobic, which does not. Bioenergetics is the field of biology that studies bioenergetic systems.

  7. Carbohydrate catabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_catabolism

    The energy from the acetyl group, in the form of electrons, is used to reduce NAD+ and FAD to NADH and FADH 2, respectively. NADH and FADH 2 contain the stored energy harnessed from the initial glucose molecule and is used in the electron transport chain where the bulk of the ATP is produced. [1]

  8. Carbohydrate metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_metabolism

    The cofactors NAD + and FAD are sometimes reduced during this process to form NADH and FADH 2, which drive the creation of ATP in other processes. [15] A molecule of NADH can produce 1.5–2.5 molecules of ATP, whereas a molecule of FADH 2 yields 1.5 molecules of ATP. [16]

  9. Beta oxidation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_oxidation

    Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, generating NADH and FADH 2, which are electron carriers used in the electron transport chain. It is named as such because the beta carbon of the fatty acid chain undergoes oxidation and is converted to a carbonyl group to start the cycle all over again.