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Nickel electroplating is a process of depositing nickel onto a metal part. Parts to be plated must be clean and free of dirt, corrosion, and defects before plating can begin. [ 3 ] To clean and protect the part during the plating process, a combination of heat treating , cleaning, masking, pickling , and etching may be used. [ 1 ]
Nickel can bond with glass either as a metal, or via the nickel(II) oxide layer. The metal joint has metallic color and inferior strength. The oxide-layer joint has characteristic green-grey color. Nickel plating can be used in similar way as copper plating, to facilitate better bonding with the underlying metal. [3]
The aforementioned electroplating of metals uses an electroreduction process (that is, a negative or cathodic current is on the working electrode). The term "electroplating" is also used occasionally for processes that occur under electro-oxidation (i.e positive or anodic current on the working electrode), although such processes are more ...
Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG or ENi/IAu), also known as immersion gold (Au), chemical Ni/Au or soft gold, is a metal plating process used in the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs), to avoid oxidation and improve the solderability of copper contacts and plated through-holes.
Black nickel plating was developed around 1905, and between the two wars, black chrome plating (first German patent 1929.GP 607, 420), which saw wider use only from the mid-1950s. [14] After the First World War, the first procedures for anodic oxidation and coloring of anodically oxidized aluminium were developed (1923, 1924.DRP. 413876).
The electroless deposition and electroplating bath actively performs cathodic and anodic reactions at the surface of the substrate. [2] [3] The standard electrode potential of the metal and reducing agent are important as a driving force for electron exchange. [3] The standard potential is defined as the power of reduction of compounds.
Electroless nickel plating also can produce coatings that are free of built-in mechanical stress, or even have compressive stress. [16] A disadvantage is the higher cost of the chemicals, which are consumed in proportion to the mass of nickel deposited; whereas in electroplating the nickel ions are replenished by the metallic nickel anode.
The main advantage of electroforming is that it accurately replicates the external shape of the mandrel. Generally, machining a cavity accurately is more challenging than machining a convex shape; however, the opposite holds true for electroforming because the mandrel's exterior can be accurately machined and then used to electroform a precision cavity.