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Although breaking complex phenomena into parts is a key method in science, there are those complex phenomena (e.g. in physics, psychology, sociology, ecology) where the approach does not work. Antireductionism also arises in academic fields such as history, economics, anthropology, medicine, and biology as attempts to explain complex phenomena ...
Much work in psychology has focused on feelings of social isolation and/or loneliness. [4] Only recently have psychologists begun to explore the concept of existential isolation. [2] Existential isolation is the subjective sense that persons are alone in their experience and that others are unable to understand their perspective.
The metaphor of the cognitive miser assumes that the human mind is limited in time, knowledge, attention, and cognitive resources. [4] Usually people do not think rationally or cautiously, but use cognitive shortcuts to make inferences and form judgments.
In psychology and cognitive science, a memory bias is a cognitive bias that either enhances or impairs the recall of a memory (either the chances that the memory will be recalled at all, or the amount of time it takes for it to be recalled, or both), or that alters the content of a reported memory. There are many types of memory bias, including:
Behavioral control is an important application of cognitive inhibition in behavioral psychology, as is emotional control. Depression is an example of cognitive inhibition failure in emotion control. Correctly functioning cognitive inhibition would result in reduced selective attention to negative stimuli and retention of negative thoughts.
Humans are animals, despite the fact that the word animal is colloquially used as an antonym for human. [180] [181] Ecosystems do not naturally move back towards an equilibrium using negative feedback. [182] The concept of an inherent "balance of nature" has been superseded by chaos theory. [183]
Self-criticism in psychology is typically studied and discussed as a negative personality trait in which a person has a disrupted self-identity. [1] The opposite of self-criticism would be someone who has a coherent, comprehensive, and generally positive self-identity. Self-criticism is often associated with major depressive disorder.
By basing the outcome on existing knowledge rather than expending the depths of your creativity in forming a solution, there are generally only a few possible answers within logical limitations. Hence, the number of solutions are viewed as finite and in most cases are only limited to one.