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The elongation and membrane targeting stages of eukaryotic translation. The ribosome is green and yellow, the tRNAs are dark-blue, and the other proteins involved are light-blue. Elongation depends on eukaryotic elongation factors. At the end of the initiation step, the mRNA is positioned so that the next codon can be translated during the ...
English: This is a diagram of cell elongation in plants. In sum, acidity in the cell wall causes the cell wall to become more flexible. Then, an influx of water into the vacuole of the plant cell will cause the plant cell to lengthen due to the cell wall flexibility.
Pollen tube elongation is an integral stage in the plant life cycle. The pollen tube acts as a conduit to transport the male gamete cells from the pollen grain —either from the stigma (in flowering plants ) to the ovules at the base of the pistil or directly through ovule tissue in some gymnosperms .
Elongation is the most rapid step in translation. [3] In bacteria , it proceeds at a rate of 15 to 20 amino acids added per second (about 45-60 nucleotides per second). [ citation needed ] In eukaryotes the rate is about two amino acids per second (about 6 nucleotides read per second).
EF-Tu (elongation factor thermo unstable) is a prokaryotic elongation factor responsible for catalyzing the binding of an aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) to the ribosome. It is a G-protein , and facilitates the selection and binding of an aa-tRNA to the A-site of the ribosome.
Prokaryotic DNA Replication is the process by which a prokaryote duplicates its DNA into another copy that is passed on to daughter cells. [1] Although it is often studied in the model organism E. coli, other bacteria show many similarities. [2]
The EJC is made up of several key protein components: RNPS1, Y14, SRm160, Aly/REF and Magoh, among others. [6] [7] [8] RNPS1 can function as a coactivator of splicing, but along with Y14, it also takes part in the process of nonsense-mediated decay in eukaryotes.
Elongation of the fatty acid follows the same biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli used to produce straight-chain fatty acids where malonyl-CoA is used as a chain extender. [27] The major end products are 12–17 carbon branched-chain fatty acids and their composition tends to be uniform and characteristic for many bacterial species. [26]