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The courtyard (sahn) of a mosque normally precedes and gives access to the interior prayer hall that stands on the qibla side (the side corresponding to the direction of prayer). [ 7 ] [ 1 ] Most mosque courtyards contained a public fountain where Muslims performed wudu , a ritual ablution (purification) required before prayer . [ 8 ]
A ṣaḥn (Arabic: صحن) is the formal courtyard found in almost every mosque in Islamic architecture. The courtyards are open to the sky and surrounded on all sides by structures with halls and rooms, and often a shaded semi-open arcade riwaq .
Symmetrically-divided courtyard gardens, later known as a riyad (or riad), would go on to become a typical feature of western Islamic architecture in the Maghreb and al-Andalus, including later Andalusi palaces such as the Aljaferia and the Alhambra. [32] [33] [30]
Courtyard of the Friday Mosque in Isfahan, with its four-iwan layout dating from the early 12th century. The most important religious monument from the Great Seljuk period is the Jameh Mosque of Isfahan, which was expanded and modified by various Seljuk patrons in the late 11th century and early 12th century.
The four-iwan plan (cruciform) is one of the most characteristic floor plans of Islamic architecture, [34] [40] consisting of four iwans arranged around a central square or rectangular courtyard (durqāʿa or ṣaḥn), with the iwans aligned with the central axes of the courtyard.
A riad garden in the Bahia Palace of Marrakesh, built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A riad or riyad (Arabic: رياض, romanized: riyāḍ) is a type of garden courtyard historically associated with house and palace architecture in the Maghreb and al-Andalus.
The qa'a (Arabic: قاعة, romanized: qāʿa) is a roofed reception room found in the domestic architecture of affluent residences of the Islamic world. It is the most common hall type in the medieval Islamic domestic architecture. The plan of a qa'a may be inspired by the four-iwan plan (cruciform) of religious buildings. They were used to ...
It is an architectural design element in Islamic architecture and Islamic garden design. [3] A riwaq often serves as the transition space between interior and outdoor spaces. As portico or arcade structure, it provides shade and adjustment to sunlight in hot climates, and cover from rain in any locale.