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A codified constitution is a constitution that is contained in a single document, which is the single source of constitutional law in a state. An uncodified constitution is one that is not contained in a single document, but consists of several different sources, which may be written or unwritten.
Under apartheid, freedom of speech was curtailed under apartheid legislation such as the Native Administration Act 1927 and the Suppression of Communism Act, 1950. [3] In light of South Africa's racial and discriminatory history, particularly the Apartheid era, the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996 precludes expression that is tantamount to the advocacy of hatred based on ...
[7] [8] It is sometimes referred to as an "unwritten constitution", although the New Zealand constitution is in fact an amalgamation of written and unwritten sources. [9] [10] The Constitution Act 1986 has a central role, [9] alongside a collection of other statutes, orders in Council, letters patent, decisions of the courts, principles of the ...
Rank Country Index 1 Norway 6.72 2 Finland 6.99 3 Sweden 7.24 4 Denmark 8.57 5 Netherlands 9.67 6 Portugal 10.11 7 Switzerland 10.55 8 Belgium 11.69 9 Ireland ...
Constitutions of former countries (11 C, 16 P) Constitutions of former unrecognized countries (1 C, 3 P) ... Constitution of the Federal Republic of Central America;
The current Spanish constitution has been implemented in such a way that, in many respects, Spain can be compared to countries which are undeniably federal. [ 30 ] However, in order to manage the tensions present in the Spanish transition to democracy , the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to ...
On the European level, the Council of Europe provides a legal framework through the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), whose enforcement is assured through the European Court of Human Rights' (ECtHR) jurisdiction. [2] ECHR Article 10 on Freedom of expression says: "1. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression.
There are three types of government systems in European politics: in a presidential system, the president is the head of state and the head of government; in a semi-presidential system, the president and the prime minister share a number of competences; finally, in a parliamentary republic, the president is a ceremonial figurehead who has few political competences.