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The empiric choice of broad-spectrum antibiotics often consist of multiple drugs, and should be targeted against the most likely agents, depending on the cause of peritonitis (see above); once one or more agents grow in cultures isolated, therapy will be targeted against them. [18] Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms must be covered.
Primary peritonitis is the diffuse bacterial infection of the peritoneum while the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract is preserved (in cases of ascites); secondary peritonitis is the infection of peritoneum where the integrity of gastrointestinal tract is compromised; tertiary peritonitis is reinfection of peritoneum 48 hours after ...
There is a difference in the organisms which cause secondary peritonitis compared to those that cause tertiary peritonitis and this can be referred to as a microbial shift. Some microfloral organisms have demonstrated multi-drug resistance highlighting the difficulty in treating the condition and so there is a poor prognosis.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the development of a bacterial infection in the peritoneum, despite the absence of an obvious source for the infection. [1] It is specifically an infection of the ascitic fluid – an increased volume of peritoneal fluid. [2] Ascites is most commonly a complication of cirrhosis of the liver. [1]
Approximately one in fourteen untreated Chlamydia infections will result in salpingitis. [5]Over one million cases of acute salpingitis are reported every year in the US, but the number of incidents is probably larger, due to incomplete and untimely reporting methods and that many cases are reported first when the illness has gone so far that it has developed chronic complications.
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The causes of diverticulitis are unclear. [1] Risk factors may include obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, a family history of the disease, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). [1] [2] The role of a low fiber diet as a risk factor is unclear. [2] Having pouches in the large intestine that are not inflamed is known as ...
A common cause of peritonitis is touch contamination, e.g. insertion of catheter by un-sanitized hands, which potentially introduces bacteria to the abdomen; other causes include catheter complication, transplantation of bowel bacteria, and systemic infections. [9] Most common type of PD-peritonitis infection (80%) are from bacterial sources. [9]